4. Planetary Magnetic Fields and Plasma Environments
    The interaction of planetary magnetic fields with the solar wind or other particle environments results in a variety of magnetized plasma activities. The study of plasma waves and electromagnetic wave propagation mechanisms in the magnetized plasma environment surrounding planets is an interdisciplinary field that bridges geophysics, space physics, and planetary physics. The relevant theories and observations not only help us understand the interplanetary environment within the solar system but also serve as an important means for exploring and studying the broader exoplanetary world beyond our solar system. Researchers in this direction include Dr. Kong, Dali and Dr. Cheng, Jianxia.

    5. Computational Planetary Fluid Mechanics
    Research in planetary physics and planetary magnetofluid dynamics has long been closely associated with modern high-performance computing. Three-dimensional magnetofluid dynamics simulations are very challenging, often involving massive computational loads and a strong dependence on high-parallelism, large-scale computing hardware and software environments. China's high-performance computing hardware conditions are already at the international advanced level. Making full use of existing supercomputing resources is an important branch direction of our planetary fluid mechanics research. Researchers in this direction include Dr. Kong, Dali, Dr. Li, Ligang, Dr. Lian, Yuchen, and Dr. Li, Wenbo.


6. Solar Eruptive Phenomena
    Research on solar flares, coronal mass ejections, filaments, prominences, and related eruptive phenomena; multi-wavelength data analysis of solar eruptive phenomena; non-local thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, and radiative transfer. Researchers in this direction include Dr. Cheng, Jianxia.

7. Research on Small Bodies in the Solar System
    A multitude of asteroids and comets are a distinctive category of celestial bodies in the solar system, containing many unsolved mysteries in planetary science and serving as an important pathway to understanding the formation and evolution of the solar system. Observational data of asteroids and comets are becoming increasingly abundant. Research directions for asteroids include: the surface structural characteristics of planets caused by high-speed small body impacts; the low-speed collision and merging process of small celestial bodies in close orbit; the thermal physical properties of small celestial bodies; and the study of the physical properties of asteroids and comets using a variety of observational data (optical, infrared, remote sensing, etc.). Researchers in this direction include Dr. Li, Xizhi.

8. Hydrodynamic Escape of Exoplanetary Atmosphere
    Exoplanets are one of the hottest research fields in astronomy today, and the loss of planetary atmospheres has a significant impact on the evolution of planets, being an essential part of understanding the evolution and distribution characteristics of planets. The transmission spectroscopy method provides the possibility of directly detecting the high-level structure of planets and their escape processes. By constructing hydrodynamic escape models that include non-local thermal equilibrium atmospheres, combined with radiative transfer calculations in the atmosphere, and comparing with the observed transmission spectral characteristics of planetary atmospheres, we can enhance our understanding of the structure of planetary upper atmosphere and escape mechanisms of hot Jupiters. Researchers in this direction include Dr. Huang, Chenliang.

9. Internal Structure Simulation of Terrestrial Exoplanets (Magrathea)
    Terrestrial exoplanets, with their solid or liquid surfaces, are the first choice for the search for extraterrestrial life. The internal structure models of terrestrial exoplanets can calculate their radius and internal density, temperature, and phase distribution based on the given composition of the planet. The tool of internal structure models has a wide range of applications, such as roughly analyzing the internal composition of planets with known mass and radius. Researchers in this direction include Dr. Huang, Chenliang.